I was told this many years ago on a training course so have never fully investigated it , bear in mind i started electrics in 1985 !
So .. my thoughts on it
Alternator output is about 13.4 on a standard output , this does vary with the state of charge in the battery and loads so 13-15 volts .. a fully charged battery is about 13 volts and the higher the state of charge in a battery then the slower it will take to charge due to restistance ..
I tend to think of it as filling a bath .. if you want it at the brim then you cant keep the water tap fully open .. you have to slow it down to a trickle .
The battery is constantly being charged and constantly supplying current for all the electrical items so water is going in and out of the bath at different amounts over time .
80% is probably more of an older figure .. i would expect current cars to be higher at around 95% as technology has improved .
You also have to factor in wear and tear for the alternator , the wiring and the battery .
Thats my guess anyways
So .. my thoughts on it
Alternator output is about 13.4 on a standard output , this does vary with the state of charge in the battery and loads so 13-15 volts .. a fully charged battery is about 13 volts and the higher the state of charge in a battery then the slower it will take to charge due to restistance ..
I tend to think of it as filling a bath .. if you want it at the brim then you cant keep the water tap fully open .. you have to slow it down to a trickle .
The battery is constantly being charged and constantly supplying current for all the electrical items so water is going in and out of the bath at different amounts over time .
80% is probably more of an older figure .. i would expect current cars to be higher at around 95% as technology has improved .
You also have to factor in wear and tear for the alternator , the wiring and the battery .
Thats my guess anyways